A yearlong record of ambient sound on the Chukchi Shelf
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of ambient sound in the Arctic, both under ice and in the marginal ice zone, have spanned more than 50 years, but rapidly changing conditions with regards to declining ice cover have reduced the relevance of measurements taken in previous decades. Changes in the environment have resulted in changes in the ambient sound field, affecting both the sound generating mechanisms and the sound propagation. From October 2016 to October 2017, the Shallow Water Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (SW CANAPE) was conducted on the Chukchi Shelf. One goal of CANAPE was to observe the changing soundscape. This talk presents acoustic recordings collected on the 150-m isobath with the Persistent Acoustic Observation System (PECOS), which contained a horizontal line array of hydrophones along the seabed and a vertical line array spanning a portion of the water column. This study examines the ambient sound level and uses k-means clustering to quantify the occurrence of six unique spectral shapes associated with different seasons and various sound generation mechanisms. The spectral clusters are correlated with environmental observations including sea concentration and thickness, wind speed, and air temperature. [Work supported by ONR.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".