Bottom hypoxia alters the spatial distribution of pelagic intermediate consumers and their prey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While recent research has shed insight into how bottom hypoxia affects pelagic food webs in coastal marine ecosystems and natural lakes, its effects on man-made lake (reservoir) food webs remains more incomplete. To address this gap, we conducted a study in two midwestern USA reservoirs to examine how the spatial overlap and vertical distributions of dominant zooplanktivores (i.e., pelagic fish, bentho-pelagic Chaoborus spp.) and their prey vary between periods of normoxia and hypoxia. Surprisingly, we found high levels of spatial overlap between zooplankton and both intermediate consumers (pelagic fish and Chaoborus) during both normoxia and hypoxia, though the extent of spatial overlap was higher during hypoxia at night relative to day. As expected, pelagic fish and zooplankton avoided hypoxic waters, and Chaoborus moved from hypoxic waters during the day to the well-oxygenated surface waters at night. Using our findings, we discuss the potential influence of bottom hypoxia and Chaoborus on the function and structure of north-temperate reservoir food webs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".