Bibliographic record
Abstract
International migration is one of the key processes shaping contemporary societies and affecting the lives of millions of people in sending and receiving countries. Driven by the needs of the global economy, opportunity gaps between Global North and South, ethnic conflicts, wars, and displacement, millions of men and women leave their homelands and resettle in countries promising greater personal and economic security and better futures for their children. Men and women experience migration differently due to their unequal statuses and personal resources; migration, in turn, affects the roles men and women have in every society. Destination countries are typically developed market economies with high living standards that allow immigration to meet their labor needs and comply with the moral norms of humanitarian aid and family unification. While settler societies of the New World (United States, Canada, Australia, and others) have always used immigration as their main nation‐building resource, European countries became migration hubs more recently and rather unwillingly, still struggling to realign their national identity with new multicultural reality. This entry traces the evolving field of study embracing migration and gender, documenting its expanding agenda and geographic scope, and offers two case studies that typify gender‐based problems in migrant incorporation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".