Dispositional mindfulness among BDSM practitioners: A preliminary investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite increased popular interest in, and research attention to, the topic of BDSM (Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, Sadism and Masochism) in recent years, empirical literature focusing on the psychological traits of people who practice BDSM is scarce. Mindfulness, which can be defined as non-judgmental awareness and acceptance of the present moment, has been linked to a host of positive physical, psychological, and sexual outcomes (e.g., relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, sexual arousal), and there is some limited evidence that those who practice BDSM may be exercising mindfulness. The current study examined dispositional mindfulness in a sample of BDSM practitioners ( n = 160) compared to a sample of undergraduate students ( n = 190). BDSM participants were found to report higher levels of mindfulness than undergraduates after controlling for age. These findings provide preliminary support for a link between BDSM and dispositional mindfulness. The pleasant altered states of consciousness sometimes achieved through BDSM activity may foster a state of mindfulness, which in turn may foster dispositional mindfulness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".