Acute cerebrovascular effects in juvenile coho salmon exposed to roadway runoff
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urban stormwater is responsible for recurrent mortality events of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) documented in the US Pacific Northwest. Currently, the toxic mode of action is unknown; however, mortality is often associated with large increases in hematocrit (Hct). We found that hemoconcentration and red cell swelling may offer a partial explanation for increased Hct, based on increased total hemoglobin and reduced mean cell hemoglobin concentration of the blood in runoff-exposed juvenile coho salmon, relative to controls. No significant changes were seen in plasma total thiols or antioxidant power, discounting osmoregulatory dysfunction and plasma dehydration as a driver of hemoconcentration. To test for plasma leakage, we injected Evans blue dye complexed with bovine serum albumin (EBD–BSA) intracardially and circulated for 5 min, followed by a 15 min washout with saline. Coho salmon exposed to roadway runoff showed significant accumulation of EBD–BSA in brain and olfactory rosette regions compared with controls, demonstrating plasma leakage from the cerebrovasculature. Our results suggest blood–brain barrier disruption underlies symptom development in coho salmon exposed to roadway runoff.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".