Pyrolysis of <scp> <i>Miscanthus</i> </scp> and characterization of value‐added bio‐oil and biochar products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Miscanthus , an invasive crop, has recently gained attention as an emerging energy crop because of certain traits like fast growth, high yield, ability to grow in marginal land, and resistance to extreme weather conditions. In this work, Miscanthus was selected as the feedstock for fast pyrolysis in a mechanically fluidized bed reactor at variable temperatures (400°C, 450°C, and 500°C) and vapour residence times (1.4, 2.7, and 5.2 seconds). Fast pyrolysis performed at 450°C with 1.4 seconds of vapour residence time gave the highest yield of bio‐oil (>50 wt%). Biochar obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures was activated at 900°C for 1.5 hours under CO 2 atmosphere to enhance its value as a potential adsorption agent for pollutants. Several physicochemical characterization techniques were used to study the bio‐oils, biochars, and activated biochars obtained from the pyrolysis of Miscanthus . The absorption of methylene blue as a model dye was done to evaluate the performance of activated biochar vs the biochar precursors. Both pyrolysis and physical activation complemented each other as new technologies for energy extraction and material synthesis from Miscanthus .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".