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Neutrino interaction classification with a convolutional neural network in the DUNE far detector
B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. L. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Zahid Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, Artur M. Ankowski, M. Antonova, Stefan Antusch, Alfredo Aranda, A. Ariga, L. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar, H.O. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, P. Baesso, L. Bagby, R. Bajou, S. Balasubramanian, Pierre Baldi, Bindu A. Bambah, F. Barão, Gabriela Barenboim, Gareth J. Barker, Wayne Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. Barrow, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, F. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, Vincenzo Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, Y. Bezawada, M. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. M. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, B. Blanco Siffert, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, G. Blazey, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, Andrew Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, S. B. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Braciník, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, N. J. Buchanan, H. S. Budd, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Cãlin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, L. Camilleri, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. B. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, Chia‐Hung Chang, Etienne Chardonnet, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, Jorge Chaves, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, D. Cherdack, C.Y. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, K. Cho, Sandhya Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, E. Church, Peter Clarke, T. E. Coan, A.G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. R. Convery, L. A. Corwin, P. Cotte, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, E. Cristaldo, Ryan Cross, C. Cuesta, Yanou Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. de Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, André de Gouvêa, P. C. de Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, S. J. de Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delépine, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, P. De Lurgio, D. M. DeMuth, C. Densham, G. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, Valentina De Romeri, J. J. de Vries, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Díaz, J.S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. F. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, Z. Djurcic, M. Diwan, N. Dokania, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, Hongyue Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. Dyshkant, M. Eads, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, L. Escudero Sanchez, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, Kevin Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Yasaman Farzan, J. Félix, E. Fernández-Martínez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, A. Filkins, F. Filthaut, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. M. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, Raj Gandhi, R. P. Gandrajula, Shan Gao, Félix Garcı́a-Carballeira, D. García-Gámez, Miguel García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil‐Botella, C. Girerd, A. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, O. Goodwin, Sreetama Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. T. Graham, E. Gramellini, R. Gran, E. Granados, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, S. Green, L. Greenler, M. Greenwood, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guénette, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, Rafael Gutiérrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, A. Hackenburg, H. K. Hadavand, Rolf Haenni, A. Hahn, Jennifer Haigh, J. Haiston, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, K. Harder, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hasegawa, R. Hatcher, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, M. A. Hernández Morquecho, K. Herner, Lars Hertel, A. S. Hesam, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. S. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, Christian Hohl, A. Holin, E. W. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, Matheus Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, Ara Ioannisian, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, C. Jesús-Valls, Xiangpan Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, A. Joglekar, Calvin W. Johnson, R. A. Johnson, B. J. P. Jones, S. Jones, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y.-J. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, І. Каденко, F. Kamiya, G. Karagiorgi, Armin Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Köse, V. Alan Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, Jason Kumar, R. Kumar, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, Andrew Lambert, K. Lande, C. Lane, K. Lang, T. J. Langford, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, T. Le, J. G. Learned, P. Lebrun, G. Lehmann Miotto, Ralf Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, M. Leyton, L. Li, Shirley Weishi Li, T. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, Shukuan Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajı́ček, I. Lomidze, K. Long, Kai Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, K. B. Luk, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. MacFarland, A.A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, J.A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, Danny Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, Marvin L. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martín-Albo, N. Lorenzo Martinez, D. A. Martínez Caicedo, S. Martynenko, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, Mehedi Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, M. Mellinato, Olga Mena, S. Menary, H. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, Matthew Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, Gregory J. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, William H. Miller, J. Mills, Christopher J. Milne, O. Mineev, O. G. Miranda, Sandeep Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, Irina Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, Rukmani Mohanta, T. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, Jorge Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montaño Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. F. Moor, D. Moreno, B. Morgan, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, Lina Necib, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. M. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, R. J. Nichol, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. Nowak, M. Oberling, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, Sandip Pakvasa, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, Stephen Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, Silvia Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. R. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Ž. Pavlović, G. Pawloski, D. J. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, Y. Pénichot, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, Jonathan W. Pillow, J. Pinzino, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, S. Pordes, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, G. Prior, D. Pugnère, K. H. Qi, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, R. Raboanary, V. Radeka, Jonas Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Radovic, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, Mudit Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, Igor Rakhno, H. T. Rakotondramanana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. Rameika, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G.L. Raselli, P. N. Ratoff, S. Ravat, H. Razafinime, J. S. Réal, B. Rebel, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, K. Rielage, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, Lynn Rochester, M. Roda, Pedro Henrique Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, J. Rodriguez Rondon, A. J. Roeth, Hannah Rogers, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rossella, J. Rout, Sudipta Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, J. J. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, Nandini Sahu, P. Sala, N. P. Samios, M. C. Sánchez, D. A. Sanders, D. P. C. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, Ina Sarčević, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, Tilman E. Schäffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. S. Seong, A. Sergi, F. Sergiampietri, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, H. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Seodong Shin, D. Shooltz, Robert Shrock, L. Simard, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, Jaydip Singh, V. Singh, Roland Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. C. Smith, E. Smith, Philip N. Smith, J. Smolík, M. Smy, P. Snopok, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Söderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner‐Rembold, N. Solomey, V. N. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Otón, A. Sousa, K. Soustružnı́k, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N.J.C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stančo, H. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, Tyrel Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, D. J. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, Barbara Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. L. Talaga, H. A. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, Christoph A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S.C. Timm, A. Tonazzo, M. Torti, M. Tórtola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, W. H. Trzaska, Y.-T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. E. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, David Forero, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, Anamaria Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wąchała, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. While, M. J. White, L. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. J. Xiao, G. Yang, Ting Yang, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, Boxiang Yu, J. S. Yu, R. Zaki, J. Zálešâk, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, Miao Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicNeutrino Physics Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoYork University
FundersH2020 European Research CouncilStaatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und InnovationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeOffice of ScienceInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónCanada Foundation for InnovationFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroNational Research Foundation of KoreaCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueEuropean Regional Development FundMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyU.S. Department of EnergyFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de GoiásFermilabUK Research and InnovationNational Science Foundation“la Caixa” FoundationRoyal SocietyCERNFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloComunidad de MadridTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma KurumuH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
KeywordsDetectorConvolutional neural networkComputer scienceArtificial intelligencePattern recognition (psychology)Telecommunications
Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a next-generation neutrino oscillation experiment that aims to measure $CP$-violation in the neutrino sector as part of a wider physics program. A deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network has been developed to provide highly efficient and pure selections of electron neutrino and muon neutrino charged-current interactions. The electron neutrino (antineutrino) selection efficiency peaks at 90% (94%) and exceeds 85% (90%) for reconstructed neutrino energies between 2--5 GeV. The muon neutrino (antineutrino) event selection is found to have a maximum efficiency of 96% (97%) and exceeds 90% (95%) efficiency for reconstructed neutrino energies above 2 GeV. When considering all electron neutrino and antineutrino interactions as signal, a selection purity of 90% is achieved. These event selections are critical to maximize the sensitivity of the experiment to $CP$-violating effects.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.659
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.045
GPT teacher head0.433
Teacher spread0.388 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations44
Published2020
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes