“It should be equal across the board”: how treaty opposition among hunters and anglers upholds settler colonialism in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters (OFAH) is an influential organization that has opposed Indigenous peoples’ treaty harvesting rights and land claims for allegedly threatening conservation and egalitarian values. Using data from twenty semi-structured interviews and the OFAH’s official documents, this paper analyses and compares the views on treaty rights between the OFAH leadership and ordinary hunters and fishers inside and outside the organization. Group Position and Colour-Blind Racism theories were used to understand how the meanings and perceived legitimacy of treaty rights are constructed and negotiated, and whether treaty opposition reflects a response to maintain settler-Canadians’ group position. Although nine respondents displayed varying degrees of support for treaty rights, the general pattern showed that both the OFAH and most respondents drew on similar interpretive repertoires to oppose treaty rights. These latter responses reveal a defensive reaction to uphold settler-colonial power, privileges, and access to land and resources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".