Early induction of antibacterial activities distinguishes response of mice to infection with non-permissive from response to permissive <i>Salmonella</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid in humans, shares very high homology with closely related serovar, S . Typhimurium. Yet, unlike S . Typhimurium, S . Typhi does not establish infection in mice, the reasons for which are not well understood. Here, we present evidence that unlike S . Typhimurium, S . Typhi brings about induction of extracellular and intracellular antibacterial activities in mice. Cell-free peritoneal fluids from S . Typhi but not S . Typhimurium-infected mice inhibited replication of Salmonella ex vivo . The production of this activity was reduced in presence of serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonlyl fluoride (PMSF). PMSF also inhibited generation of antibacterial activity released from in vitro S . Typhi - infected peritoneal macrophages in a cell death – dependent manner. Intracellularly, infection with S . Typhi in vitro as well as in vivo resulted in increased mRNA levels of iron-regulating molecules, ferroportin and lipocalin. These results suggest that induction of antibacterial molecules early on in mice in response to S . Typhi may prevent establishment of infection with this Salmonella serovar.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".