When Kyoto Failed, Paris Stepped Up: How the Paris Agreement Changed Global Climate Negotiations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impactful environmental changes that are being observed today are not a new phenomenon, but something that has been increasing significantly since the industrial revolution. These issues began to gain significant international attention in the mid-to-late twentieth century, which prompted the introduction of the United Nations Environment Programme. Since then, there have been many attempts to create international treaties in order to promote fossil fuel emission reduction and reduce the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, in an attempt to ensure that the planet remains a safe and habitable place to live. Despite initial hope, the Kyoto Protocol was unsuccessful in achieving these goals. The following will examine why the Paris Agreement was established and how it differs from its predecessor, the Kyoto Protocol. Canada will be used as a case study, examining its participation in the Kyoto Protocol, its role in the Paris Agreement, and how it can improve.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".