Dielectric behaviours of bio‐derived epoxy resins from cashew nutshell liquid
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, four commercially available bio‐derived epoxy systems (extracted from cashew nutshell liquid) were prepared and characterised. The glass transition temperature ( T g ), dielectric spectroscopy, DC conductivity and breakdown properties of these epoxy resins were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that the T g of the investigated systems ranged from 67 to 122°C. The DC conductivity was very low (<10 −16 S cm −1 ) and comparable to the conventional dielectrics at room temperature (RT). However, all systems showed a strong temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and exhibited sharp increase around their respective T g . Arrhenius analysis led to activation energy, E a , values around 1 eV; higher E a values were observed in systems with a lower T g . Dielectric spectroscopy revealed a flat and low response at temperature below T g . However, both the real and imaginary permittivity increased with decreasing frequency at mid to low frequencies as the temperatures approached T g . The variations of AC breakdown strength of all samples were not statistically significant, but the DC breakdown strength of sample 2503A + 2002B was higher than the others, which might be due to reduced charge transport in this system. The results indicate that novel bio‐derived epoxy systems from renewable sources are potential alternatives for traditional petroleum‐based epoxy systems in certain insulation applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it