Whole‐genome sequence data of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> and functional characterization of melatonin biosynthesis by N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hypericum perforatum is among the most commonly used herbal remedies and supplements. The aerial plant parts are often used to treat depression. Due to the lack of genomic information of H. perforatum , the gene networks regulating secondary metabolite synthesis remain unclear. Here, we present a high‐quality genome for H . perforatum with a 2.3‐Mb scaffold N50. The draft assembly covers 91.9% of the predicted genome and represents the fourth sequenced genus in the order Malpighiales. Comparing this sequence with model or related species revealed that Populus trichocarpa and Hevea brasiliensis could be grouped into one branch, while H. perforatum and Linum usitatissimum are grouped in another branch. Combined with transcriptome data, 40 key genes related to melatonin, hyperforin, and hypericin synthesis were screened and analyzed. Five N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferases (HpASMT1‐HpASMT5) were cloned and functionally characterized. Purified HpASMT3 protein converted N‐acetylserotonin into melatonin with a V max of about 1.35 pkat/mg protein. HpASMT1 and HpASMT3 overexpression in Arabidopsis mutants caused 1.5‐2‐fold higher melatonin content than in mutant and wild‐type plants. The endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transgenic plants was significantly lower than ROS in mutant and wild‐type plants, suggesting higher drought tolerance. The obtained genomic data offer new resources for further study on the evolution of Hypericaceae family, but also provide a basis for further study of melatonin biosynthetic pathways in other plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".