Factors influencing the health-seeking behaviors of women with advanced stages of breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: An interpretive description study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates the survival rate from breast cancer in Nigerian women is 48.9%. Little is known about the health-seeking behaviors and the factors that influence women with advanced breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria to seek care. This paper presents the factors influencing the health-seeking activities of women with advanced breast cancer from the time the participants observed breast changes until they presented in the hospital for care. Qualitative methods, specifically Interpretive Description (ID), was employed within the conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM). A University Human Ethics Review Board (REB) approved the study, while operational approval was granted by the hospital where the data collection took place. Thirty women with advanced breast cancer were recruited for the study using purposive sampling. Data was collected by engaging the participants in audio-recorded, semi-structured, face-to-face, one-on-one interviews guided by open-ended questions and a demographic form. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, while the demographic information was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study identified motivating and enabling factors as well as barriers to engaging in health-seeking behaviors. Breast changes, interpretation of symptoms, the financial challenges of breast cancer treatments, sociocultural factors, and a desire to live influenced the participants’ health-seeking behaviors. Knowledge of these factors may help nurses and other healthcare providers to consider their patients’ health beliefs and perceptions, thereby empowering nurses to provide comprehensive, holistic, contextually relevant and efficient care to their patients. Community interventions should include strategies to raise breast cancer awareness and reduce the stigma associated with the illness.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it