Bordering Zubara: oil politics, the 1937 Qatari-Bahraini conflict, and the making of a modern Arabian (Persian) Gulf Borderland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study of the 1937 Qatari-Bahraini conflict over Zubara is a cultural history of, and border studies approach to, one of the most important border contests of the Gulf during the oil concession era. No scholarship has treated this historical region on the northwest coast of Qatar, which is home to the Fort of Zubara, the nation’s most renowned fortress landmark, and a UNESCO world heritage site, as a borderland. However, this article argues that these sites are the legacy of the 1937 conflict, which more than any previous quarrel over Zubara, led to the development of a political culture of bordering. This article examines the emergence of this bordering in its physical, e.g. customs and border guard regime, and cultural-political, e.g. the building of the Fort of Zubara, aspects. Moreover, it treats the 1937 Zubara conflict as part and parcel of an interwar era of global bordering, making comparative reference to Central European borderlands, in addition to other border studies research, as part of the theoretical and analytical framework. This article aims to contribute to a scant literature on borderlands and bordering processes in the Arabian Gulf.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".