Improved two-temperature modeling of ultrafast thermal and optical phenomena in continuous and nanostructured metal films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a pump-probe experiment is used to study the ultrafast dynamics of heat transfer in thin gold films and gold nanostructures on glass substrates, following local heating by ultrashort laser pulses. Full spectrotemporal differential reflectivity and transmission maps were obtained for different film thicknesses (30, 50, 80, 150, and 200 nm) and different laser fluences $(0.38 \mathrm{to} 9.5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Jm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$. For arrays of gold nanorods, the two orthogonal probe polarizations were also acquired. We propose an improved model for these phenomena based on a modified two-temperature model that integrates thermal conduction and the three-dimensional finite element method model to link the spatiotemporal temperature maps to the spectrotemporal optical response maps. The impact of an underlying titanium adhesion layer is reported. Excellent agreement between numerical and experimental data for both the gold films and the nanostructures is shown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".