The Underground Railroad in Jefferson County, Indiana: An Interracial Partnership Ahead of Its Time
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The history of the Underground Railroad has long been marked by contentious debate. Surviving evidence from Jefferson County, Indiana, sheds new light on the day-today operations of the Underground Railroad in southeastern Indiana and the Ohio River border region. Historian J. Michael Raley examines the complex interracial network of fugitive slaves, their enslaved and free black families and friends, the free black residents of the Georgetown community in Madison, Indiana, and white abolitionists from area churches and antislavery societies. Their efforts were not without risk. In aiding runaway slaves in their flight northward, people of color secretly collaborated with trusted whites at grave peril to themselves and their families, and despite all efforts, fugitives from slavery far too often were recaptured in route. For those who succeeded in reaching Canada as well as for those who aided them, however, the potential dangers were always more than worth the risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".