A phylogenetic and taxonomic review of baviine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Baviini)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The systematics and taxonomy of the tropical Asian jumping spiders of the tribe Baviini is reviewed, with a molecular phylogenetic study (UCE sequence capture, traditional Sanger sequencing) guiding a reclassification of the group’s genera. The well-studied members of the group are placed into six genera:BaviaSimon, 1877,IndopadillaCaleb & Sankaran, 2019,PadillothoraxSimon, 1901,PiranthusThorell, 1895,StagetillusSimon, 1885, and one new genus,MaripanthusMaddison,gen. nov.The identity ofPadillothoraxis clarified, andBavirectaKanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2018 synonymized with it.HyctiotaStrand, 1911 is synonymized withStagetillus. The molecular phylogeny divides the baviines into three clades, thePiranthusclade with a long embolus (Piranthus,Maripanthus), the genusPadillothoraxwith a flat body and short embolus, and theBaviaclade with a higher body and (usually) short embolus (remaining genera). In general, morphological synapomorphies support or extend the molecularly delimited groups. Eighteen new species are described:Bavia nessagyna,Indopadilla bamilin,I. kodagura,I. nesinor,I. redunca,I. redynis,I. sabivia,I. vimedaba,Maripanthus draconis(type species ofMaripanthus),M. jubatus,M. reinholdae,Padillothorax badut,P. mulu,Piranthus api,P. bakau,P. kohi,P. mandai, andStagetillus irri, allsp. nov., with taxonomic authority W. Maddison. The distinctions between baviines and the astioidNungiaŻabka, 1985 are reviewed, leading to four species being moved intoNungiafromBaviaand other genera. Fifteen new combinations are established:Bavia maurerae(Freudenschuss & Seiter, 2016),Indopadilla annamita(Simon, 1903),I. kahariana(Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013),I. sonsorol(Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997),I. suhartoi(Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013),Maripanthus menghaiensis(Cao & Li, 2016),M. smedleyi(Reimoser, 1929),Nungia hatamensis(Thorell, 1881),N. modesta(Keyserling, 1883),N. papakula(Strand, 1911),N. xiaolonghaensis(Cao & Li, 2016),Padillothorax casteti(Simon, 1900),P. exilis(Cao & Li, 2016),P. flavopunctus(Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2018),Stagetillus banda(Strand, 1911), allcomb. nov.One combination is restored,Bavia capistrata(C. L. Koch, 1846). Five of these new or restored combinations correct previous errors of placing species in genera that have superficially similar palps but extremely different body forms, in fact belonging in distantly related tribes, emphasizing that the general shape of male palps should be used with caution in determining relationships. A little-studied genus,PadillothorusPrószyński, 2018, is tentatively assigned to the Baviini.LigdusThorell, 1895 is assigned to the Ballini.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".