Assessment of changes in genetic transcriptome in nasal epithelial cells exposed to ozone-aged black carbon and pollen allergen by high-throughput transcriptomics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Air pollution may be associated with increased airway responsiveness to allergens in allergic rhinitis (AR). Ozone-aged environmental black carbon (O 3 BC) is an important constituent of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), for which the mechanisms underlying its effects have not been fully elucidated in AR. The objective of the present study was to determine the O 3 BC and pollen-induced alterations in the transcriptome in human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) in vitro. Methods hNECs from nasal epithelial mucosal samples of healthy individuals undergoing nasal surgery (turbinoplasty or septoplasty) were established as air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures and exposed to O 3 BC, pollen, or a combination of O 3 BC+ pollen. Changes in cell viability were analyzed by fluorescence and changes in the transcriptome by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Several differentially expressed genes were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enrichment analysis, based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, was performed to determine major biological functions and pathways involved. Results Exposure to ≥ 50 μg/ml O 3 BC or 25 μg/ml O 3 BC+ 200 μg /ml pollen significantly decreased cell viability of the hNECs compared to control (p < 0.05) or 25 μg/ml O 3 BC alone (p < 0.05); whereas exposure to pollen alone did not alter cell viability at any concentration investigated. High-throughput RNA sequencing analysis indicated that there was significant difference in gene expression between pollen or O 3 BC alone and O 3 BC+ pollen exposed cells. Exposure to 200 μg/ml O 3 BC was associated with hypoxia stress response GO terms, whereas exposure to 25 μg/ml O 3 BC+ 200 μg/ml pollen was associated with inflammatory response GO terms; including regulation of neutrophil migration and chemotaxis, macrophage differentiation and chemotaxis, mast cell activation, and phagocytosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated the top 10 upstream regulators to be IL1B, CSF1, CCL2, TLR2, LPL, IGF8, SPP1, CXCL8, FCER1G and IL1RN; of which expressions of inflammation-related genes IL1B, CSF1 and FCER1G were significantly increased. Conclusion O 3 BC and pollen allergen combined exposure may induce innate immune and allergic inflammation in hNECs, and therefore potentially exacerbate the symptoms of AR in affected individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".