One-dimensional assembly of β-form anhydrous guanine microrods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biogenic guanine crystals exhibit excellent optical properties owing to their extremely high refractive index. However, there is no report related to the highly-ordered guanine assemblies in the synthetic systems. Herein, β-phase anhydrous guanine (β-AG) microrods were formed in mixed solvents of formamide and water in the presence of small organic molecules such as uric acid, pyrrole (Py), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The one-dimensional (1D) assembly of β-AG microrods form spontaneously in water, which is the first reported highly ordered 1D assembly of organic micro- or nanocrystals in the solution. The obtained β-AG microrods obtained in Py system can form reversible 1D assembly in water after being treated in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone and isopropanol, which have high solubility in water. However, no reversible 1D assembly but only dispersed or aggregated guanine microrods formed in water after similar treatment in the other three organic solvents such as n-hexane, dichloroethane and petroleum ether with low solubility in water. Similar reversible assembly features can also be observed in other three systems, standard system, and NVP and NMP systems. The reversible 1D assemblies of guanine microrods in water and organic solvents with high solubility in water indicate that there is a strong interaction between the (100) planes of β-AG microrods in water. The oriented 1D assembly of guanine microrods with long axes perpendicular to the horizontal magnetic field can form in water under magnetic field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".