Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Muslim contexts across Africa, family law gives rise to heated debate. In Senegal also, the Family Code has long been a subject of vigorous national discussion, pitting Muslim authorities against the state. This article analyzes the governance of marital dispute and divorce as well as the relations among authorities at the local level. While several authors imply that relations among authorities concerning family matters are similarly adverse at this level in Senegal, the ethnography presented here suggests differently. In the secondary city of Tivaouane, state, religious and semi-state authorities work from competing claims, but their relations are tolerant, thus demonstrating a “pragmatic pluralism” of negotiated co-existence. This relates, it is argued, to an overriding concern for social peace and to the multiple attachments of local-level authorities and their constituents – meaning that for these authorities, power derives from negotiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.052 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".