A Multi-Modal Stacked Ensemble Model for Bipolar Disorder Classification
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose an automatic ternary classification model for Bipolar Disorder (BD) states. As input information, the model uses speech signals from patients’ audio-visual recordings of structured interviews. The model classifies the patient's clinical state as Mania, Hypo-Mania, or Remission. We capture Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and Geneva Minimalistic Acoustic Parameter Set (GeMAPS) as audio features. We compute linguistic and sentiment features for each subject's transcript. We present a stacked ensemble classifier to classify all fused features after feature selection. A set of three homogeneous Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) construct the first-level and second-level of the stacked ensemble classifier respectively. Moreover, we use the Neural Architecture Search (NAS) reinforcement learning strategy to optimize the networks and their hyperparameters. We show that our stacked ensemble framework outperforms existing models on the BD Turkish corpus with a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ 59.3\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> Unweighted Average Unit (UAR) on the test set. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest UAR achieved on this dataset.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it