Von Ledoux bis Johnson, and beyond : la trascendencia americana de Emil Kaufmann = Von Ledoux bis Johnson, and beyond : The American transcendence of Emil Kaufmann
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ResumenUno más en la masiva e ideológicamente filtrada migración intelectual provocada por el triunfo de los fascismos en Europa y la consiguiente Guerra Mundial, la trascendencia de Kaufmann en su destino americano seguirá un sorprendente camino doble. Las forzadas conexiones entre autores, actitudes y posiciones intelectuales de puntos muy distintos de la historia de Von Ledoux bis Le Corbusier, provenientes de un contexto de oposición al nazismo encontrarán, en ausencia de una traducción que con la que corregir malinterpretaciones, una deformada pero muy influyente continuidad. Será a través de un Philip Johnson, precisamente exnazi, y de sus casas. En la primera de ellas, Kaufmann dará su primera conferencia en los Estados Unidos. La segunda, muy famosa, la concebirá Johnson basándose en una interpretación libre y adaptada a un muy distinto contexto de los conceptos de Kaufmann. Su alargada influencia sentará las bases de un primer postmodernismo e incluso de su posterior deriva hacia la star-architecture. Mientras tanto, y opuestamente, las investigaciones de Kaufmann en territorio americano se replegarán hacia el periodo de la Ilustración.AbstractAs yet another mind caught up in the mass ideologically filtered intellectual migration caused by the triumph of fascisms in Europe and the consequent World War, Kaufmann’s transcendence in his American destination would follow a surprising double path. The forced connections between authors, attitudes and intellectual positions from very different points in the history of Von Ledoux bis Le Corbusier, coming from a context of opposition to Nazism, would encounter, in the absence of a translation with which to correct misinterpretations, a deformed but highly influential continuity. This would be done through a Philip Johnson, precisely a former Nazi, and his houses. Inside the first of these, Kaufmann would give his first lecture in the United States. The second, very famous, would be conceived by Johnson based on a free interpretation of Kaufmann’s concepts, adapted to a very different context. His long-lasting influence would lay the foundations for an early postmodernism and even for his later drift towards star-architecture. Meanwhile, and conversely, Kaufmann’s research on American territory would withdraw towards the Age of Enlightenment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".