Earth Pressure on Walls Retaining Overconsolidated Collapsible Soils Subjected to Partial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Collapsible soils are problematic soils that cover large parts of North and South America, Eastern Canada, Eastern Europe, China, Northern and Southern Africa, Russia and Egypt. Collapsible soils are identified as unsaturated soils that exhibit high strength when dry, but experience a drastic volume reduction when subjected to inundation. Due to today’s constant growth in construction and urban development, being exposed to these types of soils has become unavoidable. Collapsible soils are mainly challenging when exposed to water, which is usually the case in excavations where retaining walls are used. Therefore, this thesis focuses on analyzing the earth pressure acting on walls retaining collapsible soils subjected to partial inundation. The thesis will analyze the behavior of at-rest and passive earth pressure on walls retaining collapsible soils, with respect to the change in the degree of saturation, at variable values of over-consolidation ratio. \nA 2-D finite element model was developed using the software “ABAQUS”, that incorporates the change in collapsible soils strength parameters when subjected to inundation. It employs the theory of unsaturated soil mechanics: including the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the variation in the soil’s strength parameters (angle of friction, cohesion and modulus of elasticity) with respect to matric suction. The thesis presents empirical formulae that can be used to estimate both the coefficient of at-rest and passive earth pressure of walls retaining collapsible soils, for a given collapse potential, over-consolidation ratio, and degree of saturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".