Investigating the effects of inelastic soil–foundation interface response on the seismic demand of soil–structure systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of inelastic response of the soil–foundation interface is explored on the seismic demand of structures attached on top of shallow foundations. An ensemble of 20 strong ground motions recorded on National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site class D was employed for analyzing soil–structure systems with the Winkler foundation model and an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system as the superstructure. Results show that there are key parameters that control the amount of difference between the elastic and inelastic modeling of the soil at the soil–foundation interface. Depending on the structural aspect ratio, the elastic modeling leads to an overestimated result for the total lateral displacement demands. Also, more than 50% reduction in the superstructure demands is desired when nonlinear soil modeling is considered and foundation sliding is allowed. The benefits from the “shrinking-dominated rocking motion” can be acquired with inelastic soil material that limits the transferred inertial force into the superstructure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".