Anarchists, Marxists, and the New Left: Culture and Conflict in Students for a Democratic Society, 1960-1969
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), the preeminent organization of the American New Left, is understood by scholars to have led resistance to the Vietnam War up until the split between the Maoist Progressive Labor (PL) and Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM) at the 1969 convention. Countercultural anarchist participation in non-student chapters of SDS during the late 1960s, and the organization’s civil rights coalition that included anarchists during the early 1960s, remain under-studied. The New Left’s major project, globally, was the search for new answers to ongoing revolutionary questions by returning to – and reinventing – radical traditions from the past, such as anarchism. This essay argues that countercultural anarchism had a formative influence on SDS’s early history, radical evolution, and coalitions outside the campus, and consequently helped define the New Left as a whole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".