Adsorption performance of organic dyes in single and binary systems onto poly(itaconic acid)/magnetite sepiolite composite prepared via the green synthetic methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Since organic dyes are poorly biodegradable and completely soluble, they are difficult to be efficiently and rapidly removed. Therefore, a poly(itaconic acid)/magnetite sepiolite composite (PIA/MSEP) is prepared via a simple and environmentally friendly approach. The resulting adsorbent is employed for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV). Factors influencing dyes adsorption efficiency are systemically researched, such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration of dye. Under optimal experimental conditions, the adsorption behaviour is satisfactorily modelled by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity reaches 196.08 and 175.44 mg · g −1 for MB and MV, respectively. Adsorption is a fast process, well represented by pseudo‐second‐order rate expression, and being the equilibrium reached as short as 30 minutes for both MB and MV. The thermodynamic parameters suggest a favourable, spontaneous, and endothermic process. Fast, kinetic, and convenient magnetic separation, and a high adsorption capacity, make PIA/MSEP composite an impressive adsorbent for adsorption of organic dyes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".