Comparative Scintigraphic Assessment of Deposition of Radiolabeled Albuterol Delivered From a Breath Actuated Nebulizer and a Small Volume Jet Nebulizer to Healthy Subjects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background:Medication nebulizers are commonly used to delivery aerosolized medications to patients with respiratory disease. To compare in vivo aerosol delivery characteristics of a breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN) to that of a standard small volume jet nebulizer (SVN) we evaluated output and regional lung deposition of indirectly radiolabeled albuterol. Methods:Eight healthy subjects received albuterol (2.5 mg/3 mL) admixed with 2 mCi of Tc-DTPA (Technetium-99m bound to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) administered using both the BAN (Aeroeclipse II) and SVN (Nebutech HD). Regional doses were then determined from anterior and posterior gamma camera images collected after delivery. Lung perimeters were defined using Cobalt-57 transmission scans and applied to Tc-DTPA deposition images. The study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Results:Average age of the 8 subjects (4 male, 4 female) was 33 years. The dose deposited in each subject, on average, was 1.03 ± 0.14 mg vs 0.89 ± 0.15 mg for the BAN and SVN respectively. The dose deposited in each subject regionally quantified into the following regions and averages were expressed as percentage of deposited dose (%) ± one standard deviation. Conclusions:The BAN (75.0%) demonstrated increased aerosol deposition to the lungs in healthy subjects as compared to the SVN (46.8%) (P < .006). Further studies in patients are needed to confirm the clinical benefit of this increased lung deposition. In vivo deposition patterns also demonstrated that the SVN delivered significantly more aerosol to the upper respiratory tract as indicated by deposition found in both the stomach and tracheo-esophageal regions (P < .005). Disclosures: This study was funded by Monaghan Medical Corporation. AEROECLIPSE* II BANNebutech* HD SVNLeft lung (%)35.9 ± 9.2%21.7 ± 8.2%Right lung (%)39.1 ± 7.8%25.0 ± 8.9%Stomach (%)15.0 ± 13.2%34.4 ± 17.0%Tracheo-esophageal (%)7.4 ± 2.5%11.9 ± 6.0%Mouth (%)2.6 ± 1.5%6.9 ± 3.9%Lungs (%)75.0 ± 15.5%46.8 ± 17.1%
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".