The reliance on α‐adrenergic receptor stimuli for blood pressure regulation in the chronically hypoxaemic fetus is not dependent on post‐ganglionic activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key points Chronic hypoxaemia is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a predisposition to the development of hypertension in adult life. IUGR fetuses exhibit a greater reliance on α‐adrenergic activation for blood pressure regulation. The fetal blood pressure response to post‐ganglionic blockade is not different between control and IUGR fetuses. The decrease in mean arterial pressure is greater in the IUGR sheep fetus after α‐adrenergic receptor blockade at the level of the vasculature and this is inversely related to fetal . The increased reliance that the IUGR fetus has on α‐adrenergic activation for maintenance of mean arterial pressure is not a result of increased post‐ganglionic sympathetic activation. Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life. Placental restriction (PR) in sheep results in chronic hypoxaemia and early onset IUGR with increased circulating plasma noradrenaline concentrations. These IUGR fetuses exhibit a greater decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during α‐adrenergic blockade. We aimed to determine the role of post‐ganglionic sympathetic activation with respect to regulating MAP in IUGR fetal sheep. PR was induced by carunclectomy surgery prior to conception. Fetal vascular catheterization was performed at 110–126 days gestational age (GA) (term, 150 days) in nine control and seven PR‐IUGR fetuses. The fetal blood pressure response to both a post‐ganglionic and an α‐adrenergic receptor blocker was assessed at 116–120 days GA and/or 129–131 days GA. The effect of both post ganglionic and α‐adrenergic blockade on fetal blood pressure was then compared between control and IUGR fetuses at both GAs. There was no difference in the effect of post‐ganglionic blockade on MAP in control and IUGR fetal sheep at either 116–120 days GA or 129–131 days GA. α‐adrenergic receptor blockade decreased MAP to the same extent in both control and IUGR fetuses at 116–120 days GA. At 129–131 days GA, the drop in MAP in response to α‐adrenergic receptor blockade was greater in IUGR fetuses than controls. There was a significant inverse relationship between the drop in MAP in response to α‐adrenergic receptor blockade at both GAs with fetal . Thus, the increased dependence on α‐adrenergic activation for blood pressure regulation in the chronically hypoxaemic IUGR fetus is not a result of increased post‐ganglionic sympathetic activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".