Formation of Regional Public Organizations in Last Quarter of XIX — Early XX Century (Tomsk Province)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The activity of officials on the formation of public non-political organizations of the Tomsk province in the last quarter of the XIX — early XX centuries is considered. The picture of the current state of research of public organizations and officials of the Russian Empire is presented. Based on the analysis of a number of published and unpublished sources, examples of the participation of representatives of the Tomsk administration in the process of creating various societies are revealed. The features of interaction of officials with representatives of the local society (scientists, political exiles, merchants, industrialists), as well as with city government bodies are highlighted. The main forms of the contribution of the Tomsk bureaucracy to the creation of societies are determined: the development of a charter, a petition to the state to open an organization, a search for like-minded people, and financial support. The author establishes the main reasons for the participation of employees of administrative institutions of the Tomsk province in the formation of new societies: job responsibilities, joint initiative with members of the public, personal interest. A correlation was found between the direction of work of some organizations and the official and non-official activities of civil servants. In general, the potential for establishing interaction between officials and the local community in the process of creating non-political organizations was noted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".