Ultra‐Bright and Stable Pure Blue Light‐Emitting Diode from O, N Co‐Doped Carbon Dots
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The pure blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) play a key role in the application of solid display and illumination. Most of pure blue LEDs reported so far, are based on semiconductor quantum dots and metal complex, involving heavy metal elements. Here, the fabrication of O, N co‐doped carbon dots (CDs) by a hydrothermal method from perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,3‐diaminophenazine is shown. These CDs show strong photoluminescence (PL) emission peaked at 447 nm (in ethanol) with absolute PL quantum yields of 88.9%. They are then doped into poly(vinyl carbazole) to form the active emission layer in the pure blue CDs LEDs. The electroluminescence emission of these CDs LEDs is centered at 452 nm with Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.14, 0.10). Moreover, the pure blue CDs LEDs show a high external quantum efficiency of 2.114%, high brightness of 648 cd m–2, long half‐lifetime (T50) of 200 h, and a favorable current efficiency of 2.2 cd A−1. This work opens a new way to develop cost‐effective, environmental‐friendly, and high‐efficient metal‐free pure blue LEDs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".