Characteristics and formation mechanisms of Mesozoic compressional structures in the Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Huanghua Depression is a complex secondary tectonic unit in the Bohai Bay Basin of eastern China. This work analyses the geometric features and formation mechanisms of Mesozoic compressional structures developed within the Huanghua Depression. Compressional deformation has formed open-fold, single reverse or thrust faulting, duplex structures and imbricated structures that can be divided into two dominating groups by their distribution direction: nearly E–W- and WNW-directed and NNE- and NE-directed. There are three phases of Mesozoic compression: Late Triassic, Late Jurassic–earliest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The Late Triassic compressional structures were formed by near N–S- and NNE-directed compressional stress whereas late Jurassic–earliest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous compressional structures were formed by a WNW-directed compressional stress field. The three phases of Mesozoic compression in the Huanghua Depression are consistent with the evolution of the regional tectonic setting, in particular the interaction mode and timing of the North China Block with surrounding plates. KEY POINTSCompressional deformation in the Huanghua Depression can be divided into two dominating groups by their distribution direction: nearly E–W- and WNW-directed and NNE- and NE-directed.There are three phases of Mesozoic compression: Late Triassic, Late Jurassic–earliest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous.The three phases of Mesozoic compressional structures in the Huanghua Depression are consistent with the evolution of the regional tectonic setting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".