Reduced Occipital Cortex Excitability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: In addition to motor cortex involvement, sensory abnormalities have been demonstrated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including structural and metabolic alterations in the occipital cortex. The aim of this study was to examine occipital excitability changes in ALS. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with ALS and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. Phosphene experience and phosphene threshold were studied to assess occipital excitability. Cognitive function was evaluated in both groups by means of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised visuospatial score tests. RESULTS: Phosphene was experienced in 13 (81.3%) healthy subjects and 9 (42.9%) patients with ALS ( P = 0.04). The mean phosphene threshold was not significantly different between the two groups. No correlation existed between phosphene threshold and motor cortical excitability parameters, ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised scores. CONCLUSIONS: Visual cortex is affected, and the occipital excitability is reduced in ALS, without any relation to motor cortical excitability changes, providing another clue suggestive of sensory involvement in ALS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".