Embryonic Microglia Interact with Hypothalamic Radial Glia during Development and Upregulate the TAM Receptors MERTK and AXL following an Insult
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite a growing appreciation for microglial influences on the developing brain, the responsiveness of microglia to insults during gestation remains less well characterized, especially in the embryo when microglia themselves are still maturing. Here, we asked if fetal microglia could coordinate an innate immune response to an exogenous insult. Using time-lapse imaging, we showed that hypothalamic microglia actively surveyed their environment by near-constant "touching" of radial glia projections. However, following an insult (i.e., IUE or AAV transduction), this seemingly passive touching became more intimate and long lasting, ultimately resulting in the retraction of radial glial projections and degeneration into small pieces. Mechanistically, the TAM receptors MERTK and AXL were upregulated in microglia following the insult, and Annexin V treatment inhibited radial glia breakage and engulfment by microglia. These data demonstrate a remarkable responsiveness of embryonic microglia to insults during gestation, a critical window for neurodevelopment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".