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Record W3118723522 · doi:10.1056/nejmms2025768

Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias

2021· article· en· W3118723522 on OpenAlexaff
Christina Amutah, Kaliya Greenidge, Adjoa Mante, Michelle Munyikwa, Sanjna Surya, Eve J. Higginbotham, David S. Jones, Risa Lavizzo‐Mourey, Dorothy E. Roberts, Jennifer Tsai, Jaya Aysola

Bibliographic record

VenueNew England Journal of Medicine · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicRacial and Ethnic Identity Research
Canadian institutionsInstitute of Health Economics
FundersEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
KeywordsMedicineRace (biology)Family medicineMEDLINERacial biasMedical educationGender studiesLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Misrepresenting Race Medical education and practice have not evolved to reflect advances in understanding of the relationships among race, racism, and health. Instead, race remains one of the most ...

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.009
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.014
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.890
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0090.014
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.056
GPT teacher head0.389
Teacher spread0.333 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designOther design
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations310
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueNew England Journal of MedicineSame topicRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchFrench-language works237,207