Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Decorated with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Efficient Earth‐Abundant Zinc‐Air Battery Catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hybrids comprising hollow mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon (HMC) nanospheres and metal‐oxide nanoparticles were prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis. These materials exhibit excellent bifunctional catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER, respectively) that are core to the efficient operation of Zn‐air batteries. When incorporated into prototype devices, Co 3 O 4 and MnCo 2 O 4 nanoparticle‐decorated HMC exhibited discharge potentials of 1.26 and 1.28 V at 10 mA cm −2 , respectively. ‘CoFeNiO’‐decorated HMC exhibited a charging potential of 1.96 V at 10 mA cm −2 . These metrics are far superior to benchmark Pt−Ru, which displayed discharge and charging potentials of 1.25 and 2.01 V, respectively, at the same current density. The battery equipped with Co 3 O 4 ‐decorated HMC demonstrated 63 % initial efficiency before cycling. After cycling at 10 mA cm −2 for 100 hours, the battery efficiency was maintained at 56.5 %, outperforming the battery with Pt−Ru (50.2 % after 50 h).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".