Preliminary Appraisal of a Correlation Between Glaciations and Large Igneous Provinces Over the Past 720 Million Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earth has gone through periods of cooling including global, near global, or regional glaciations, which are observed in the Archean, Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ordovician, Permo-Carboniferous, and Cenozoic times. We review the mechanisms by which large igneous provinces (LIPs) and silicic LIPs (SLIPs) can cause global cooling. Then we investigate the correlation of LIPs with important glaciation events, focusing on those of Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic age. The 720 Ma Franklin-Irkutsk LIP, a large part of which was emplaced into an evaporite basin and all of which was emplaced in the tropics, is linked with the start of the Sturtian glaciation, one of the longest and most severe glaciations in Earth history. The ca. 579 Ma pulse of the Central Iapetus Magmatic Province (CIMP) is associated with the start and end of the Gaskiers glaciation. The Hirnantian glaciation (ca. 440 Ma) may be associated with poorly dated ca. 450 Ma intraplate magmatism in several regions, including eastern Siberia, South Korea, Argentina, Iran, and elsewhere. It is also coincident with a huge volume of silicic volcanic provinces generated by supereruptions. Permo-Carboniferous glaciations (P1–P4, 300–260 Ma) can be correlated with widespread intraplate magmatism of the European northwest African magmatic province (and its initiation as the 300 Ma Skagerrak LIP), and also the 259 Ma Emeishan LIP of China. A recently recognized ca. 34 Ma initial pulse of the Afro-Arabian LIP matches the Eocene-Oligocene cooling (Oi-1 glaciation). More precise dating of both the LIPs and cooling events is required to confirm the correlations and to assess the role of LIPs relative to other causes proposed for global and regional glaciations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".