Six-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes for Children With Single-Ventricle Physiology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine if neurodevelopmental deficits in children with single-ventricle physiology change with age and early developmental scores predict 6-year outcomes. METHODS: In the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, were administered at 14 months of age, and parents completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) annually from the ages of 2 to 6 years. Scores were classified as average, at risk, or impaired. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of earlier tests on 6-year outcomes. RESULTS: < .001). Children with Adaptive Skills Composite scores <2 SD below the mean at the age of 6 were more likely to have had delayed development at 14 months, particularly on the Psychomotor Development Index (sensitivity of 79%). However, the positive predictive value of the 14-month Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index for 6-year BASC-2 Adaptive Scores was low (44% and 36%, respectively). Adaptive Skills Composite score impairments at the age of 6 were poorly predicted by using earlier BASC-2 assessments, with low sensitivities at the ages of 3 (37%), 4 (48%), and 5 years (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Many children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who have low adaptive skills at the age of 6 years will not be identified by screening at earlier ages. With our findings, we highlight the importance of serial evaluations for children with critical congenital heart disease throughout development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".