Assessment of extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek‐based water film on multiphase transport behavior in shale microfractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents a novel model to predict gas–water two‐phase transport behaviors in shale microfractures by incorporating a mobile water film with varying thickness according to the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory as well as multiple fluid transport mechanisms (i.e., real gas transport controlled by the Knudsen number and water slippage). This model is implemented in real shale microfractures via digital‐core imaging. A gas–water displacement process is modeled by the invasion percolation theory, while a local multiphase distribution is determined by combining disjoining pressure with capillary force. Key findings reveal that gas relative permeability decreases by 17% and water RP enhances by 33.5%, when the mean aperture decreases from 1.67 to 0.0418 μm. Neglecting water film brings a decrease in water RP and an overestimation of gas transport ability. Moreover, two critical microfracture apertures are determined, which enhances an understanding of the water film impact on gas–water transport properties in application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".