Multiple authorship and polyvalence in the Victorian-Canadian photocollage album: the work of Caroline Walker and Hannah Sarah Howard
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines three photocollage albums made by women in Belleville, Ontario between 1863 and 1875: C.W. Bell Album (1874), Scrap Album (1863) and H Sarah Howard Album (1874) by Caroline Walker and Sarah Howard.Through a close analysis of these albums, I challenge the notion of single authorship in the album and argue for a polyvalent reading, which is constituted by the various subjectivities and identities that contribute to the objects' production.This analysis presents a new understanding of the Victorian album, not only through examining how women artists from nineteenth-century Ontario created albums as an extension of their artistic practice in the case of Caroline Walker, but also how they were used as a space of learning and artistic collaboration between women.Furthermore, this project illustrates the importance of studying Canadian albums within the larger context of women's art production during the period by emphasizing the collages, paintings and illustrated frames contained in them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.032 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".