Fixed Bias Probe Measurement of a Satellite Floating Potential
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple sensor is described to measure satellite potentials. The proposed instrument consists of two small spherical Langmuir probes biased to different fixed voltages, from which currents are measured. A predictive model is constructed for spacecraft floating potentials by combining the orbital motion limited (OML) approximation for spherical probes, and a multivariate regression algorithm. Construction of the model is based on a training data set obtained from 3-D simulation results, covering a range of plasma parameters of relevance to satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) at midlatitudes. The model skill is then assessed by comparing predictions with potentials in a distinct validation data set. Owing to large satellite orbital speeds, fixed bias probes would provide measurements with higher temporal and spatial resolution than possible with sweep voltage probes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it