The organization of political parties and the politics of bureaucratic reform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bureaucratic reform is a priority of \n donor organizations, including the World Bank, but is \n notoriously difficult to implement. In many countries, \n politicians have little interest in the basic financial and \n personnel management systems that are essential to political \n oversight of bureaucratic performance. To explain this, this \n paper presents a new perspective on the political economy of \n bureaucracy. Politicians in some countries belong to parties \n that are organized to allow party members to act \n collectively to limit leader shirking. This is particularly \n the case with programmatic parties. Such politicians have \n stronger incentives to pursue public policies that require a \n well-functioning public administration. Novel evidence \n offers robust support for this argument. From a sample of \n 439 World Bank public sector reform loans in 109 countries, \n the paper finds that public sector reforms are more likely \n to succeed in countries with programmatic political parties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".