Dilemmas of Civil Tribunals in Formulating Their Positions Towards Religious Tribunals – The Case of Custody of Muslim Children
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper deals with dilemmas of civil-secular tribunals when formulating a position towards decisions of religious tribunals with regard to custody of children. The paper examines the Israeli Supreme Court's approach towards rulings of the Sharia courts and rabbinical courts. It further compares it to similar tensions in the United States, Canada and Britain. While civil tribunals are apparently totally committed to civil non-religious law, religious tribunals, though committed to act in accordance with the fundamental principles of the state's civil law, are also obliged to act according to religious law. The paper argues that the actual scope of the above tension is more limited than it appears at first glance. There is an attempt to reconcile the need to protect women and children on the one hand with freedom of religion, multiculturalism and rights of ethnic minorities and immigrants, on the other.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it