Teaching Efficacy Level of Physical Education Teachers in Oman and Kuwait Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore Omani and Kuwaiti physical education teachers’ teaching efficacy level and to determine differences in terms of gender variables. The sample consisted of 164 physical education teachers from Oman and 187 from the State of Kuwait. There were 49.9% male physical education teachers and 59.1% female physical education teachers from both countries. Data were collected through a developed teaching efficacy scale, which was borrowed from the literature, consisting of 5 main categories: content knowledge, pedagogical special knowledge, general teaching, classroom management, and assessment in physical education. Generally, the results revealed that physical education teachers hold a positive and medium level of teaching efficacy. In addition, physical education teachers in the State of Kuwait possessed higher levels than Omani physical education teacher in all dimensions except in the general teaching and classroom management dimensions. Furthermore, the level of teaching efficacy was higher for female physical education teachers compared to their counterparts. Further recommendations for future studies are also suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".