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Record W3122070079

Trends in the African Construction/Plant Building Market and Implications for Korea

2013· article· en· W3122070079 on OpenAlex
Youngho Park, Sungil Kwak, Hyelin Jeon, Jong-Moon Jang

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueWorld economy brief · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicTransport and Economic Policies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsObstaclePort (circuit theory)Quarter (Canadian coin)BusinessOrder (exchange)PopulationColonialismChinaEconomic growthDevelopment economicsEconomyGeographyEconomicsFinanceEngineering
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Africa is the poorest continent in the world in terms of public infrastructure. In any country with functioning public infrastructure, and roads form the backbone of transportation; responsible for the 80-90% of movements of people and goods. In Africa, however, only 20% or so of existing roads have been paved. The vast majority of existing railways was laid during the colonial era and is now obsolete, unable to function properly. Much of its port and airport facilities are similarly outdated, becoming, in effect, the major obstacle to the continent's economic development. Particularly conspicuous as well is the absence of proper electricity infrastructure. Almost 800 million Africans live in the sub-Saharan region, but the aggregate power generation capacity of the region lags behind the capacity of Spain (with a population of 45 million). If South Africa is not counted in with sub-Saharan Africa, the region's power capacity is lowered to the level of Argentina. Nearly a quarter of the existing power facilities are out of order and obsolete. Thirty or so African countries, therefore, experience power outages on a daily basis with serious economic losses as a consequence.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.564
Threshold uncertainty score0.539

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.206
Teacher spread0.191 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it