Corporate Liability for International Crimes Under Canada's Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given that the Rome Statute does not provide jurisdiction to try corporations for breaches of international criminal law, it has been suggested that national jurisdictions might be used to fill this impunity gap. The author presents several arguments. First, the international criminal law system, including the Rome Statute - and particularly the principles of universal jurisdiction and complementarity - provides the theoretical grounding for states to assert jurisdiction over international crimes wider than the International Criminal Court (ICC). Second, Canada, owing to interactions between its domestic legislation implementing the ICC Statute and existing national criminal law, is now able to prosecute corporations for breaches of international criminal law. Finally, this increased jurisdiction of Canadian courts is consistent with the current status of corporations under international criminal law. What is really interesting about Canada's approach, however, is not so much that it has created a new legal principle, but rather that it is one of the first countries to establish jurisdiction over international crimes committed by corporate entities which were previously committed with impunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".