Effect of Dip Angle on Recovery Factor During Free Fall Gravity Drainage and Forced Gravity Drainage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Gravity drainage is an effective recovery mechanism in the majority of fractured reservoirs. In this study, the effects of matrix and fracture orientation, and 0–20 degrees’ deviation from vertical alignment on recovery factors were investigated during free fall gravity drainage (FFGD) and forced gravity drainage (FGD). Experiments were conducted in a novel fractured sand pack with a different number of fractures. Water was used as the wet phase, and during the FGD process, nitrogen at a constant rate of 10 cc/min was used as the non-wet phase. Results demonstrated that final recovery factors in FGD were almost 3% more than FFGD experiments. Also, it is found that depend on the number, position, and orientation of fractures, the final recovery factor by increasing deviation from vertical alignment can increase or decrease. In other words, the position of matrix and fractures and their orientation have an important effect on the rule of fluid flow mechanisms and enhance oil recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".