Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter highlights the black turfgrass ataenius. The black turfgrass ataenius, in the order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae, is one of 63 Ataenius species recognized in the United States and Canada. The black turfgrass ataenius was considered only an incidental turfgrass pest prior to the 1970s. From 1970 to about 1995 it was a sporadic but more serious pest on golf course fairways, greens, and tees over a wide area of North America. Since 1995, reports of damage to golf course fairways have been less frequent. Black turfgrass ataenius is now considered a relatively uncommon pest on golf courses, and damage is normally much less severe than damage caused by annual white grubs such as Japanese beetles or European chafers. The chapter also looks at Aphodius granarius, Aphodius pardalis Le Conte, and Aphodius lividus, order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae, which are occasional pests of turfgrass.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.058 | 0.025 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".