Aboriginal Self-Determination in Canada: Protections Afforded by the Judiciary and Government
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On présume en général que les arrêts décisifs de la Cour suprême canadienne représentent une tendance vers une protection croissante des droits des Autochtones en droit canadien. Cet article prend la position inverse. En dépit des décisions judiciaires concernant des droits autochtones sous 35(1), les droits des peuples autochtones du Canada ne sont pas mieux protégés. Les juges ont plutôt développé différents tests juridiques qui ont freiné l'élargissement de droits autochtones. On découvre ainsi que la reconnaissance politique et gouvernementale des peuples autochtones et de leurs droits, incluant le droit à l'autodétermination, fut plus grande que celle par la Cour suprême du Canada, et ceci malgré le traitement destructeur des peuples autochtones par l'État canadien. Le gouvernement du Canada a été prêt à reconnaître leur droit inhérent à l'autodétermination. Ceci est dû au statut légal modifié de qui constitue un « peuple » en droit international et au rôle du gouvernement canadien en tant que signataire de plusieurs conventions et déclarations internationales, tout autant qu'à des déclarations politiques plus récentes et des développements dans les négociations territoriales et d'autonomie plus globales. It is commonly thought that the watershed Supreme Court of Canada cases on Aboriginal rights represent a gradual trend wherein Aboriginal peoples have gained increasing protection under Canadian common law. However, this paper argues the contrary. Despite judicial decisions dealing with Aboriginal rights under section 35(1), the rights of Aboriginal peoples in Canada have not gained greater protection and they certainly have not expanded to encompass the right of self-determination. Instead, it is argued that judges have introduced and applied various legal tests which have ultimately resulted in further impediments to the expansion of broad Aboriginal rights under section 35(1). It is interesting to discover that the level of political and governmental recognition of Aboriginal peoples and their rights, including the right of self-determination, has been greater than at the Supreme Court of Canada. This is despite the destructive treatment of Aboriginal peoples by the Canadian state. On the whole, the Government of Canada has been willing to recognise the inherent right of self-determination as applied to Aboriginal peoples. This is due to the changing legal status of who constitutes "peoples" under international law and the role of the Canadian government as a signatory to various relevant international covenants and declarations, alongside more recent government policy statements and developments in comprehensive land claims and self-government negotiations. Ultimately, it is argued that the Canadian government has tended toward higher levels of support for more extensive rights for Aboriginal peoples than has the judiciary, and most notably, the Supreme Court of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".