Bibliographic record
Abstract
This Article explores the incarceration conditions of trans and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) people in Israel. The lived experience of TGNC people reflects the inherent incoherence of sex/gender and of the carceral system, two regimes of violence that derive power from their promise to provide stability and certitude to society. To uncover the practical meaning of these theoretical positions, the Article examines the Israel Prison Service (IPS) at a unique juncture: before and after an attempt to reform its policies regarding TGNC prisoners. An analysis of these reforms against the backdrop of the previous policy illustrates the carceral system’s inability to meaningfully transform the treatment of TGNC prisoners. To demonstrate this systemic failure, the Article centers the voices of two incarcerated trans women: Dorin and Lena. Both women have lived in male and female facilities before and after the reform. Their demands for safe and dignified treatment have reshaped IPS practices. Following Dorin and Lena’s stories, this Article argues that the IPS’s inability to properly accommodate TGNC prisoners is rooted in the logic of carceral systems themselves, which relies upon gender segregation and isolation as means for protection and rehabilitation. This examination reveals the futility of attempts to define who are and are not “real” men and women. And, by examining the IPS’s limited ability to reform its use of administrative segregation for TGNC prisoners, the theoretical inconsistencies and perniciousness of incarceration itself is exposed. Attempts to distinguish coherently between criminals and noncriminals, women and men, and trans and cis people, and to spatially segregate them according to such classifications, contradicts the heterogeneity and intersectionality of lived experiences and obscures the systemic use of institutional violence to hold these categories in place. Gender nonconformity is situated in this Article as a thread that, when pulled, unravels the carceral regime as a whole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.044 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".