Biomechanical Contribution of the Long and Short Heads of the Distal Biceps to Elbow Flexion and Supination Strength: Analysis of the Intact and Surgically Repaired Tendons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent anatomic studies have shown that the Distal Biceps Tendon (DBT) is comprised of two distinct tendons, a short head (SH) and a long head (LH). The individual contribution of the heads, and their importance to elbow function, has not been well defined. This study had two major objectives. Firstly, to measure the intact contribution of each of the heads to elbow function and secondly, to compare anatomic and non-anatomic repair of the ruptured tendons. Isometric supination torque and flexion force were recorded with the forearm mounted in an elbow simulator. The SH was found to be the greater flexor in all orientations. The SH was also a greater rotator when the forearm was in pronation and at neutral. The LH was the greater rotator when the arm is in supination. Anatomic repair restored near intact DBT supination strength while non-anatomic repair resulted in diminished strength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".